Organic Gardening Compost for a Healthy Garden

A good quality organic gardening compost is at the heart of a healthy organic garden.

Getting hold of the good stuff!

Here are some tips on how to acquire good quality compost, what to look out for in a compost and how to use it effectively.

Here you'll find first a look at what it is that compost does for us - and the soil.

Then there's a method for producing a reasonably good compost in a very easy way. Lastly, there's a look at other ways to get quality compost.

Organic gardening compost:

Compost for Life

Compost has lots of benefits for your garden. It feeds the soil and the micro-organisms in the soil; it helps the soil to retain moisture and it provides structure so that plants can grow effectively.

Feeding the soil: a good organic compost releases nutrients into the soil for take-up by plants. It is rather like good quality food for us humans - and animals.

If you eat well, you are healthy and strong and you do not easily succumb to disease. Your energy levels are good and your food sustains you for hours on end.

Eat lots of poor quality, processed foods, laden with fats and sugars but deficient in nutrition and sooner or later your health deteriorates. Your strength and vitality wanes and you spend a lot of your valuable time in doctors' waiting rooms!

Just like us, plants need quality nutrition. That nutrition comes from the breakdown and decay of plant and animal wastes. Worms, beetles and a myriad micro-organisms in the soil contribute to the process.

If you feed your plants with industrial fertilisers only and don't return natural fertility to the soil, your soil becomes more and more depleted of the nutrients needed for plant health.

Yes, commercial fertilisers will supply NPK - Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash (Potassium) and some of the better ones may supply some of the trace minerals. But your soil will not be receiving the rich and complex nutrition it needs. For more on why it is important to build soil fertility with organic compost see Why organic is best

Organic gardening compost:

Picture below: Your homemade compost can be used for planters too. Click the picture for more on container gardening.

Making your own compost

Making your own compost is really very easy. Here is one of the easiest ways to produce a reasonable compost which will help feed your soil. It will add fertility and structure but it won't be weed-free, so it needs to be used carefully.

Organic gardening compost:

The easiest method for making compost

First collect suitable materials over a period of time

In brief, you can use any organic matter that you can find except for domestic pet and human waste and meat products. Manure from dogs and cats is too likely to spread diseases. Human waste is also fraught with problems, so stick to farmyard manure and garden and vegetable kitchen wastes.

Also, don't include any diseased plants or very virulent weeds. Tomato plants that have suffered from blight and perennial horrors such as bind weed or ground elder are just not worth the risk! They will simply use your compost heap as an excuse to propagate themselves and spread even faster than they already do.

Full instructions for what to collect and use are to be found here.

You can use your materials to produce high quality weed-free compost but it takes quite a bit of time and skill to do it right. If you want to learn the proper way to make weed-free compost look here. In the long run, making proper, weed-free compost is worth the extra effort as you can do so much more with it.

The materials used for easy compost are the same – except that in this easy method you can probably get away with including potato peelings if you don’t mind the odd compost spud coming up!

Organic gardening compost:

Picture: When we make compost we are just copying nature, which uses natural mulches at every opportunity.

Easy compost - putting it together

The method is this:

Pile up your materials straight away when you get them and add more whenever it’s convenient. Keep the pile covered and just pull the cover back when you want to add things.

Don’t bother to mix the different ingredients in (though of course it helps if you do).

When the heap is big enough – the compost bin is overflowing with goodies (about four or five foot high is enough) – simply cover it up well.

Cover it in a way that is reasonably rainproof and wait...for about a year.

You don’t even need a bin really. A pile of compost in a quiet corner of the garden is no trouble at all.

The only concern is vermin. If you put a lot of kitchen waste into your compost you may attract vermin such as rats. It's better to use a collecting bin for organic kitchen waste and add it into the mix when the garden waste and manure pile is ready to go. For different types of bin see Compost barrel or compost turner? Which is best?.

Organic gardening compost:

Uncovering the heap

When you uncover your compost for the first time after a year has passed, you may find that the very top and outside edges are not thoroughly composted. They can be kept back and used to start the next batch.

With this method you won't kill the weed seeds but you will get new, fertile soil to add to your garden.Provided that you don’t mind hoeing off flushes of weed seedlings a week or two after you have spread it – and again a couple of weeks later – this can be a good easy way to improve soil fertility and structure.

If you don’t want the hassle of the weeds, just use it for digging into the soil. If you make sure that it goes a few inches down it shouldn’t cause too many problems, especially if you add a good quality mulch on top.

Of course if you turn or disturb the soil much the weed seeds will be brought to the surface. For this reason the full composting method is always to be preferred!

You should also be aware that soil pests and diseases will often survive in this type of compost, so be very careful about what you put in there!

Organic gardening compost:

Ready made composts

Local authorities

Many local councils now run composting schemes where you can buy organic gardening compost made from local collections of garden waste.

This can provide a very useful service for people who don't want to compost their own kitchen and garden waste. It's also a good way to acquire good quality soil improver if you haven't the time or inclination to make your own.

Your local council should make sure that this type of compost is fully tested to comply with local safety regulations. It's best to ask if you are not sure as local regulations vary widely and some people put some very toxic things on their garden plants and lawns.

Our local scheme, for example, carries out four sets of tests on the compost to make sure that it is free of toxic elements such as chemical residues. It is sold as suitable for using on vegetables as well as flowers.

It's quite cheap, especially if you bag it up yourself.

Organic gardening compost:

Commercial composts

You can also use commercial composts. They can become rather expensive if you are trying to garden with the mulching method! Also, many commercial composts include peat which is not an eco-friendly ingredient. Peat boglands are being lost at an alarming rate to commercial short-term interests.

Search out non-peat based composts. There are some good ones based on coir and new methods are being evolved which are even more environmentally friendly.

Some outlets will offer bulk discounts for larger quantities.